The war, based on Britain’s desire to unite the Boer Republic, the Independent States and all of their South African colonies under one British Commonwealth, marked a turning point in the region’s colonial history. Preparations … Read more
If you know the history, it is not surprising that the citizens of the Baltics are concerned about Russia and the unrest in the post-Soviet space. It is these painful memories of the past that … Read more
Historical Context The Byzantine and Sassanian Empires were two of the most formidable powers in late antiquity. Their interactions were not always hostile; there were periods of trade, diplomacy, and alliances. However, their conflicting interests … Read more
Founding and Expansion Administration and Government Economy Art and Architecture Religion Military Decline and Fall Legacy The Achaemenid Empire stands as a testament to what could be achieved in governance, cultural integration, and administration in … Read more
Background and Political Climate Economic and Social Turmoil The Dirty War was preceded by a period of economic instability, high inflation, unemployment, and social unrest. The leftist guerrilla movements like the Montoneros and ERP (People’s … Read more
The period of the “fake war” of England and France against Germany ended, the period when the war was declared, the troops were concentrated, but no active hostilities were carried out. Despite this, the British … Read more
The Battle of the Eight Saints (1375-1378) was a war between Pope Gregory XI and the Italian city-state alliance led by Florence. This war contributed to the end of the Pope in Avignon (during 67 … Read more
Although the protracted Iran-Iraq war ended in an UN-brokered ceasefire in August 1988, the two states had yet to begin negotiations on a permanent peace treaty in mid-1990. When Saddam refused to leave the country, … Read more
The Siege of Sardis (547/546 BC) was the last decisive conflict after the Battle of Fenbla, which was fought between Croesus of Lydia and the army of Cyrus the Great. Cyrus followed Croesus to his … Read more
Military history, in general, has been little studied from the early to mid-13th century, and possible military events in the period between the civil war of 1215-17; may be influenced by the wars of Edward … Read more