The Nanjing Massacre, when hundreds of thousands of unarmed civilians and soldiers were killed by Japanese forces in and around China’s former capital. Seventy years ago, on December 13, the Imperial Japanese Army began the … Read more
The Han Dynasty ended the civil war and reunified China in 202 BC, ushering in a golden age of peace and prosperity during which cultural progress and development took place. Key Points China began to … Read more
The Open Door Policy was an important foreign policy statement of the United States issued in 1899 and 1900 aimed at protecting the rights of all countries to equal trade with China and reaffirming the … Read more
Shinto (“the way of the gods”) is the original religion of the Japanese, as ancient as Japan itself. This indicates that the fundamental concept of Shinto developed naturally through the unique lifestyle and beliefs of … Read more
{Shinyi Shingon sect} is one of the many sects of Japanese Buddhist sects. Shingon is a Japanese Buddhist sect founded by Kukai (Kobo Daishi) in the early ninth century. Shingon Buddhism is based on the … Read more
According to traditional historical records, the Xia Dynasty was upgraded from Dayu to Xia up to 1/4 – from the mythical Emperor Shun. Traditional Chinese stories tell of the Xia Dynasty before the Shang Dynasty. … Read more
For the undeclared war between Italy and Ethiopia during the Italian conquest of Eritrea, Italian-Ethiopian War 1887-1889. The Second Italo-Ethiopia War (also known as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War) was a conflict between the Fascist state … Read more
The hundreds of thousands of Lebanese, Muslims and Christians who occupied the square to protest the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri have left, and many are wondering what they have managed to do … Read more
The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances refers to three identical political agreements signed at the OSCE Conference in Budapest, Hungary on 5 December 1994 to provide security assurances to its signatories in connection with the … Read more
The Shang Dynasty is the first ruling dynasty of China established in human history, although it was preceded by other dynasties. The Shang Dynasty was, according to traditional Chinese lore, the second dynasty of ancient … Read more