The American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, was between the American North and the South because of different economic issues. During the war, the North’s elites wanted economic expansion and changes in … Read more
Given Britain’s dependence on Chinese silk, ceramics, and tea exports, opium was the only commodity that could save Britain’s balance of payments in Asia from a ruinous deficit. Opium Wars and Foreign Encroachments In the … Read more
Leon Trotsky regarded himself as an orthodox Marxist-Leninist or Leninist and advocated the establishment of an avant-garde party that would use all necessary means to impose socialism. During his early involvement in Russian socialist politics, … Read more
From 1946 to 1991 the United States, the Soviet Union, and their allies were locked into a long, tense conflict known as the Cold War. Historians disagree on a date, but it is widely believed … Read more
More than a century after the defeat of Nazism and fascism the extreme right now challenges the liberal order of Western democracies. The outbreak of neo-Nazism and white supremacy in some countries has exposed the … Read more
The First Sino-Japanese War (May 25 — April 17, 1895 ) was a conflict between the Qing dynasty in China and the Japanese Empire over the influence of Joseon Korea. It was a great battle … Read more
Korea was placed under military rule by Japan in 1905 and annexed in 1910 as part of Japan’s 35-year imperialist expansion. Japanese colonization, Korean independence, and Japan’s annexation of Korea in August 1910 led to … Read more
The distinguishing feature of Jain philosophy is its belief in the independent existence of the soul and matter, the denial of a creative and almighty God combined with a belief in an eternal universe, and … Read more
Yiguandao is a popular religious movement in Taiwan that originated in China in the early 20th century and includes an innovative synthesis of Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist teachings, sectarian traditions, and popular religious influences (Jordan … Read more
Confucianism was rejected by the Qin Dynasty because it was critical of the policies of the dynasties. The philosophy of reform by Confucius was popularized by the philosopher and Confucian scholar Mencius. He traveled from … Read more