Foodborne botulism is a type of poisoning usually caused by ingesting the potent neurotoxin botulinum toxin produced in contaminated food. Because botulinum toxin affects muscle control throughout the body, botulinum toxin can cause many complications. … Read more
Bioterrorism is the use of bacteria, viruses or microorganisms to deliberately harm large numbers of people or communities. Bioterrorism is rare and is used to threaten people, governments and nations. Bioterrorism includes the deliberate or … Read more
Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and causes muscle stiffness throughout the body. Tetanus is a serious bacterial disease that causes muscle cramps and breathing problems. This causes the muscle … Read more
Pernicious anemia is a condition in which the number of fibular red blood cells is low due to a vitamin B12 deficiency. Sometimes people use pernicious anemia more broadly to refer to anemia and other … Read more
Anthrax is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by infection with the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis, a hardy spore-forming bacterium that can survive long periods of time … Read more
In severe dengue, plasma is lost after fever and viremia have resolved. Dengue-infected blood cells, mainly macrophages, release pro-inflammatory cytokines that disrupt occluded areas of vascular endothelial cells (occludin, claudin, EV-cadherin), resulting in decreased permeability … Read more
In Europe, Lyme disease is caused by infection with one or more of the European pathogenic spirochete genospecies B. burgdorferi sensu lato, mainly carried by the tick Ixodes ricinus. Not all deer ticks are infected … Read more
Typhus is a disease caused by bacteria (mainly Rickettsia typhi or R. prowazekii). In addition, Rickettsia Typhi, which causes endemic typhus, belongs to the typhus genus Rickettsia, but is transmitted by fleas. Typhimurium is called … Read more
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation (swelling) of the brain, usually caused by a viral infection or the wrong attack on brain tissue by the body’s immune system. Encephalitis can also be caused by problems with … Read more
Key Facts Osteoporosis is a long-term (chronic) disease that makes bones more prone to breakage due to minor injuries or falls. Osteoporosis causes bones to become brittle and more prone to fracture even after a … Read more