BC. Messenians raised a series of uprisings against the expansion of Sparta. In the second half of the eighth century BC. the Spartans conquered Messenia, and over the next century, the Messenians revolted repeatedly. This uprising is sometimes called the Third Messenic War, and it led to a break with Athens, which had been an ally of Sparta since the Persian War. The Messenians and Spartans finally started a war that has been intensifying for decades.
However, the Messenians continued to resist and raised an uprising known as the 2nd Messinian War, which was suppressed. Over time, Sparta began to invade the territory of Messenia, which ultimately led to war. During the war centered around Mount Itkhom, on which the Messenians took refuge, the fertile Messenia was gradually annexed by Sparta, and the population paid tribute. The Messenians were forced to give half of their agricultural income to the Spartan conquerors.
After a devastating war that lasted almost 20 years, the Spartans finally conquered and divided the rich plain into areas that the Messenians, like helots, cultivated for their Spartan masters. Deprived of their freedom and their polis, the Messenian helots were always looking for an opportunity to rebel against their Spartan lords. In the confusion that arose, many helots took up arms and eventually took refuge in Ithome, a natural mountain fortress that was also used during the Second Messenian War. According to legend, after six years of fighting, the Messenians were forced to retreat to the fortified summit of Itkhoma.
The Delphic oracle ordered them to sacrifice a maiden from the house of Epito. It seems that Aristodemus, the father of the sacrificed girl, was appointed the new Messenian king; went on the attack, completely expelling the Spartans from their kingdom. The Spartan king Alcmene led a heavy infantry army into the territory of Messenia in order to suddenly attack Anfeia, the important city of Messenia. Alcemes ordered his men to march through the city at night, and they took the defenders by surprise.
The territory of New Helot ended in 724 BC, according to legend, the First Messenian war started 743 BC – – 724 BC BC, during which several Laconians were killed, which provoked an all-out war in the first war. However, the immediate catalyst for the war was the stolen cattle from the Mexican Olympic champion. Sparta demanded that Polikar be handed over so that he could be punished, but Polikar never came so in vain to start a war.
The second incident occurred between two citizens, one from Sparta and one from Messenia. Osenus, a Spartan entrusted with the care of the cows of Polichala (Messinian), killed the cow and Polichalisa’s son. The Spartans wanted to reward their citizens with Messenia land, thereby placing the indigenous people in a situation of almost slavery under the title of Helot. Although the Spartans in Laconia might be dissatisfied with the Messinian elites, who believed that they had betrayed their Doric ancestry, many historians believe that the real cause of the war was that the Spartans desperately needed More fertile land. Sources gave different reasons for the war, but the Spartans and Messenians laid the foundation for the war through a dispute between the pre-war generation, which was in Artemislimna around 768 AD. A skirmish between the Spartans and Messenians during a gathering in the temple.
Basically, this is a war between two different Greek-speaking peoples: the Achaeans as Messinians and the Dorians as Spartans. The first Messenian War was a war between the ancient Greek city-state Sparta and the Messenians. The fighting method at that time was very different from what people imagined. The Messenian War between Sparta and Messenia in the 8th century BC played a decisive role in the rise of Spartan society.
Around 750 BC the king of Sparta Theopompus entered the war with Messenia, which at that time was led by the legendary Aristodemus. Aristomenes bravely defended the Messenians from the Spartan conquest for 17 years.
Cleomenes I, king of Sparta, expelled the tyrants from Athens before the Persian wars and defeated Argos. Commander Brief biography of Cleomenes I King of Sparta before the Persian wars, expelled the tyrants from Athens, defeated Argos. According to Pausanias, the war began for two main reasons: the Messenians and their allies from other states … the Spartans and the Corinthians, and, according to the eloquence of Tirteo, should have had.
Pausanias says that the initial campaign was a surprise attack on Anthea by Spartan troops under the command of Alcmene, King of Sparta Agiada, in the second year of the IX Olympiad. The details of the war are not so obvious, but Pausanias evaluates two of its main sources: the epic poem by Riano di Bene for the first half and the prose story of Myron Priensky for the second half. Let’s say the war was fought to conquer the rich and fertile lands of the champion of Messenia. The first Messenian war was fought between Messenia and Sparta, and although the Spartans won, it did not solve all the problems.
Many Messenians were killed, enslaved, or exiled when Sparta annexed nearly all of Messenia. Their descendants thrilled them for centuries until the Spartan state finally needed them for protection. Aristomenes chose 300 Arcadians and 500 Messenians, who decided to surprise Sparta since most of the Spartan army was at war.
Messenians had the opportunity to fight their Spartan oppressors and form an anti-Spartan alliance with Argo and Arcadia. Although Argos provided support to Messenia in the early Messenian War, she herself was still a weak country at the time, although she claimed to be a Greek country because she was located near the former capital Mycenae Head of state.
The Spartan constitution was already in effect when the war broke out. This, therefore, prompted the Spartans to adopt a more military approach to life in their society than in other city-states of ancient Greece. They were not welcomed in Sparta, and they became a public problem, staging an uprising.
But soon with the outbreak of the Second Messenian War, many wealthy citizens had to go to war as hoplites, and on the battlefield, they were organized into phalanxes along with the aristocrats. During the war, while the men were away, some Spartan women gave their illegitimate children to non-Partan fathers, some had husbands in Messenia. After the war, Sparta settled the refugees in a new settlement called Asine in the Gulf of Messenia, now Koroni. The Spartans asked for help from Athens, who sent 4,000 hoplites under Cimon.