Early modernism in art came with Impressionism, followed by Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, and abstract art. Modernism was influenced by Surrealism, late Cubism (Bauhaus, De Stijl, Dada, and German expressionism), masterful modernist color painters such as … Read more
Humanists regard religion as a religious practice created by man, and they seek to ensure that religion exists to serve human purposes, rather than to dictate them. They seek to eliminate aspects of religious practices … Read more
The Carnatic Wars involved many independent rulers and their vassals in a territorial succession conflict including diplomatic and military battles between the French East India Company and the British East India Company. The British and … Read more
The Medici produced several popes and cardinals as the dominant family in early modern Florence and married in Europe’s Catholic royal houses, which dominated the rule of the city from the early fifteenth century to … Read more
Populism has taken many forms in America, from popular agricultural parties in the late nineteenth century to the 2016 presidential election. The term “populism” has been used for both democratic and authoritarian movements. In an … Read more
The central core of the Qing Dynasty military was the eight-banner system. It was Nurhaci’s successor who integrated allied and conquered Mongolian tribes into the system. The eight banners were an important system in the … Read more
Although the exact impulse for the Italian Renaissance is not known, many scholars believe that the shift was due to the economic instability of the 14th century and the lack of investment opportunities in Italy, … Read more
The Shadow War in America’s Cradle: Unmasking King Philip’s War Imagine a land soaked in blood and fire, a shadowy chapter in America’s history where alliances shatter, and the wilderness itself seems to take sides. … Read more
Introduction to the Romanov Dynasty The Romanov Dynasty ruled Russia for over three centuries, from Michael I’s ascension in 1613 to the abdication of Nicholas II amidst the turmoil of the Russian Revolution in 1917. … Read more
The Battle of Zorndorf is remembered as one of the bloodiest and most brutal confrontations in the Seven Years’ War. Taking place on August 25, 1758, near the village of Zorndorf in eastern Prussia (now … Read more